Notes � Ethics collection Michaelmas 2001

Greg Detre

Monday, 01 October, 2001

Exam questions � 2000

1.       'Reason is, and ought only to be, the slave of the passions' (HUME). Would it follow from this that morality is irrational?

2.       'Nothing in the world can possibly be conceived which could be called good without qualification except a good will' (KANT). Elucidate and discuss.

3.       Is Kant right that we may never treat humanity simply as a means?

4.       In what sense, if any, is consequentialism alienating?

5.       How might a deontologist explain why it is wrong for me to kill another person, even if that is the only way to prevent two or more killings by others?

6.       'I am not ultimately responsible for what I am. So how can I be responsible for what I do?' Discuss.

7.       How should someone who believes in human rights decide what humans have rights to?

8.       Is the fact that people's moral judgements motivate them a problem for believers in moral objectivity?

9.       Does the notion of 'moral intuition' have a place in ethical theory?

10.   What role does pleasure play in well-being?

11.   'Equality matters.' 'We should give priority to the worse off.' 'We should be compassionate.' Compare and contrast these views.

12.   'Man would like to be an egoist but cannot. This is the most striking characteristic of his wretchedness and the source of his greatness' (SIMONE WEIL). Discuss.

13.   What is the point of repentance?

14.   In what ways is morality relative?

15.   Who is better - the moral saint, or the moral hero?

16.   'The considerations to which a virtuous person is sensitive are more fundamental than the virtues themselves.' Is this true? If so, is the project of 'virtue ethics' doomed?

17.   In what sense, if any, is human life 'sacred'?

Favourite topics

virtue theory

free will

amoralism + moral facts

consequentialism

Useful general books

Williams � Ethics and the limits of philosophy

Singer � Companion to Ethics

 

Week 1 - amoralism

�� when an amoralist � suggests that there is no reason to follow the requirements of morality, what can we say to him?� (Williams) What can we say?

Week 2 - emotivism

What do emotivists get right?

Week 3 � moral facts

Are there any moral facts?

John McDowell � �Values and Secondary qualities� in Honderich (ed) �Morality and Objectivity�

Simon Blackburn � �Spreading the word�, ch 6

David McNaughton

Gilbert Harman

David Wiggins

Thomas Nagel � �View from Nowhere;, ch 8

John Mackie � �Ethics�, ch 1

Week 4 - consequentialism

Does any form of consequentialism escape fatal criticism?

John Stuart Mill � Utilitarianism

David Ross � The Right and the Good, ch 2

Samuel Scheffler

Jonathan Dancy � Moral Reasons, ch 13

Derek Parfit � Reasons and Persons, sections 10-18, 24-29

Peter Singer

Week 5 � kantianism

Does Kant satisfactorily explain why we should not make false promises?

Kant � Groundwork ch 1 + 2

Onora Nell (O�Neill) � Acting on Principle ch 5

Onora O�Neill � �Kant�s ethics� in Companion to ethics, Singer (ed)

Bernard Williams � Ethics and the limits of philosophy, ch 4

Week 6 � virtue theory

What role should the notion of �virtue� play in ethics?

Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, book 1 ch 7, book 2

Roger Crisp, �Modern moral philosophy and the virtues�, in Crisp (ed) How should one live?

Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue, chs 5, 15

Roger Crisp and Michael Slote (eds) Virtue ethics

Elizabeth Anscombe, �Modern moral philosophy�, Philosophy 1958

Philippa Foot, �Virtues and vices� in Virtues and vices, or ch 1

Rosalind Hursthouse, in Virtue ethics (eds Crisp and Slote)

Week 7 � free will

If determinism is true, can anyone be held morally responsible?

Inwagen, �Incompatability of free will� in Watson (ed), Free Will

Strawson, �Freedom and resentment�

Week 8 � rights